直接看例子：
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#include <vector>
#include <numeric>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
vector<int> test = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 8, 7, 6, 0};
vector<int> index(test.size());
iota(index.begin(), index.end(), 0);
sort(index.begin(), index.end(), [&test](int i1, int i2) { return test[i1] < test[i2]; });
for (const auto &i : index)
cout << i << " ";
return 0;
}
输出结果
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9 0 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5